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Class 10 CBSE - Hindi B - Sparsh lessons

Class 10 CBSE Hindi B – All Sparsh Lessons English Summary | All Chapters, Themes & Important Questions

Introduction

The Sparsh textbook is an important part of the Class 10 CBSE Hindi B syllabus. It includes prose chapters that focus on moral values, patriotism, social reform, environmental awareness, discipline, and emotional understanding.

In this complete guide, you will get:

    1. Chapter-wise English summaries
    1. Important Hindi keywords for identification
    1. Themes and key messages
    1. Board exam preparation tips

This article is ideal for quick revision, last-minute preparation, and scoring high in CBSE Board Exams 2026.

Part 2: Sparsh Prose Chapters – Class 10 Hindi B

Here are the English summaries for the prose chapters (Sparsh) with the important keywords in Hindi brackets.

1. Bade Bhai Sahab (बड़े भाई साहब) - मुंशी प्रेमचंद (Munshi Premchand)

Short Overview

This humorous and emotional story revolves around two brothers. The elder brother believes in strict discipline and bookish knowledge, while the younger brother enjoys playing. Ironically, the elder brother fails repeatedly while the younger one passes with good marks.

A hardworking big brother scolds his playful younger brother. The big brother fails, the younger one passes, but the big brother says "Experience is greater than bookish knowledge."

Core Message

बड़े भाई साहब के अनुसार, किताबी पढ़ाई से ज़्यादा जीवन का अनुभव ज़रूरी है। (According to Big Brother, life experience is more important than bookish studies.)

Identification Keywords:

    1. बड़े भाई साहब (Bade Bhai Sahab) = Big Brother
    1. छोटा भाई (Chota Bhai) = Little Brother (Narrator)
    1. घमंड (Ghamand) = Pride/Ego
    1. अनुभव (Anubhav) = Experience (Very Important Word)
    1. खेल-कूद (Khel-kood) = Sports/Playing

Summary

  • The Characters: The story is about two brothers. The Big Brother (बड़े भाई साहब - Bade Bhai Sahab) is 5 years older but only 3 classes ahead because he failed multiple times. The younger brother (कथावाचक / लेखक / author) loves to play.
    1. The Conflict: The elder brother studies all day with discipline (अनुशासन), but the younger one is interested in kites and marbles (गुड्डे-गुड्डियाँ / पतंग और गोली / कनकौए और गोलियाँ / पतंग और कंचे - Kankauye aur Goliyan). The elder brother scolds him and makes a strict timetable (टाइम-टेबल / समय-सारणी - Time-table) which the narrator never follows.
  • The Result: Surprisingly, the elder brother fails again, and the younger brother stands first (प्रथम - Pratham) in the class. The younger brother develops pride/ego (घमंड - Ghamand).
    1. The Lesson: The elder brother explains that passing exams (परीक्षा) is not everything. He gives the example of Ravan (रावण) to show how pride leads to downfall (पतन). He argues that he has more experience (अनुभव - Anubhav) of life, which is more important than bookish knowledge. He believes life experience (जीवन अनुभव) is more important than bookish knowledge (पुस्तकीय ज्ञान).
    1. The End: One day, while the narrator is running after a kite, the elder brother catches him. He says, "I am older and will always be older."(elder status - बड़प्पन). He hugs him, showing love and maturity (स्नेह और परिपक्वता).

2. Diary Ka Ek Panna (डायरी का एक पन्ना) - Seetharam Seksariya

Summary

    1. The Context: This is a diary entry from 26 January 1931. People in Kolkata were celebrating Independence Day (before actual independence) with great enthusiasm (उत्साह - Utsah).
    1. The Event: The police had made strict arrangements (कड़े प्रबंध) to stop the procession. Despite this, people hoisted the National Flag (राष्ट्रीय ध्वज - Rashtriya Dhwaj) on their houses.
    1. The Conflict: Subhash Chandra Bose (सुभाष बाबू) led the procession. The police did a brutal Lathi Charge (लाठियाँ चलाई - Lathiyan chalayi). Many people were injured (घायल).
    1. Women's Role: Women played a huge part. They climbed the steps of the Ochterlony Monument (now Victoria Memorial area / Shahid Minar) (मोन्यूमेंट / स्मारक) and read the declaration of freedom. 105 women were arrested (गिरफ्तार).
    1. Conclusion: The author says this was a historic day (ऐतिहासिक दिवस) that washed away the stigma/blot (कलंक - Kalank) that the people of Kolkata were not active in the freedom struggle (स्वतंत्रता संग्राम).

3. Tatara Vamiro Katha (तताँरा-वामीरो कथा)

Short Overview

A tragic folk tale from the Andaman Islands about Tatara and Vamiro, who belong to enemy villages. Their love was forbidden due to village customs.

Tatara, in anger, strikes his sword into the earth, causing the island to split. Both die, but their sacrifice brings social reform and unity.

Core Message

तताँरा और वामीरो ने अपने प्रेम के लिए बलिदान दिया। इससे दोनों गाँव एक हो गए। (Tatara and Vamiro sacrificed themselves for love. Due to this, both villages became one.)

Identification Keywords:

    1. तताँरा (Tatara) = Hero (Strong/Helpful)
    1. वामीरो (Vamiro) = Heroine
    1. तलवार (Talwar) = Sword (Wooden sword of Tatara)
    1. त्याग (Tyag) = Sacrifice
    1. नियम / परंपरा (Niyam / Parampara) = Rules / Tradition

Summary

    1. Setting: A folk tale from Andaman and Nicobar. Long ago, Little Andaman and Car Nicobar were one island.
    1. Tatara: A strong, helpful boy who carried a wooden sword (लकड़ी की तलवार - Lakdi ki Talwar) which people believed had divine power (दैवी शक्ति).
    1. Vamiro: A beautiful girl from a different village (Lapati - लपाती). They met and fell in love.
    1. The Problem: The village customs (रूढ़ियाँ) was that marriage could only happen within the same village. Their love was forbidden (वर्जित - Varjit).
    1. The Climax: At an Animal Festival (पशु-पर्व - Pashu-Parv), Vamiro saw Tatara and started crying. Her mother insulted Tatara publicly. (सार्वजनिक अपमान).
    1. The End: In extreme anger (क्रोध - Krodh), Tatara struck his sword into the ground and pulled it. The earth split into two, separating the islands. Both Tatara and Vamiro died/disappeared. Their sacrifice (बलिदान - Balidan) brought social reform (सामाजिक परिवर्तन), and inter-village marriages began.

4. Teesri Kasam Ke Shilpkar Shailendra (तीसरी कसम के शिल्पकार शैलेंद्र)

Film Reference

    1. Movie: Teesri Kasam
    1. Producer/Lyricist: Shailendra
    1. Actor: Raj Kapoor
    1. Award clarification: It won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film (President’s Gold Medal)

Summary

    1. The Movie: Poet and lyricist Shailendra produced a movie called "Teesri Kasam". It starred Raj Kapoor.
    1. Raj Kapoor: He was a superstar but worked in this film at very low remuneration / without commercial concern (नाममात्र पारिश्रमिक / एक रुपया) because he loved the story.
    1. Commercial Failure: The movie was pure art and full of emotions, but it was not "masala" enough for business. It didn't get distributors (वितरक - Vitarak) and failed to make money. The film was artistic (कलात्मक) and emotional (भावनात्मक) but lacked commercial elements (व्यावसायिक तत्त्व). It failed at the box office.
    1. Success: Despite losing money, it won the President's Gold Medal (राष्ट्रपति स्वर्ण पदक - Rashtrapati Swarn Padak). It showed the real rural life of India (ग्रामीण जीवन).
    1. Key Message: Shailendra was an artist (सच्चा कलाकार), not a businessman. He valued satisfaction (आत्मसंतुष्टि - Aatmasantushti) over wealth (धन).

5. Ab Kahan Dusre Ke Dukh Se Dukhi Hone Wale (अब कहाँ दूसरे के दुख से दुखी होने वाले)

Short overview

Humans are destroying nature to build houses. Animals are homeless. We should not hurt nature.

Identification Keywords:

    1. ग्वालियर / बॉम्बे (Gwalior / Bombay) = Cities mentioned
    1. कबूतर (Kabutar) = Pigeons
    1. प्रकृति (Prakriti) = Nature
    1. पेड़ / जंगल (Ped / Jungle) = Trees / Forest
    1. समुद्र (Samudra) = Sea/Ocean
इंसान अपनी स्वार्थ के लिए प्रकृति और पशु-पक्षियों को नुकसान पहुँचा रहा है। (Humans are hurting nature and birds/animals for their own selfishness.)

Summary

    1. Theme: The chapter gives examples of how people/beings used to care for each other's pain (compassion - करुणा), but now humans have become selfish (स्वार्थी - Swarthi).
    1. Example 1 (Suleman): King Suleman stopped his army to save ants (चींटियाँ), showing kindness to all living beings (जीव-मात्र).
    1. Example 2 (Nuh): Prophet Nuh wept after insulting a wounded dog (घायल कुत्ता). He realized all beings are God’s creation (ईश्वर की रचना).
    1. Modern Problem: Humans destroy nature (प्रकृति विनाश), leading to disasters (प्राकृतिक आपदाएँ).
    1. Personal Story: The author’s mother believed in non-violence (अहिंसा). When a pigeon’s egg broke, she fasted (उपवास) to seek forgiveness (क्षमा).

6. Patjhar Mein Tooti Pattiyan (पतझड़ में टूटी पत्तियाँ)

This chapter has two small parts.

Part A: Ginni Ka Sona (गिन्नी का सोना)

    1. Concept: Pure gold represents idealism (आदर्शवाद), while mixed gold represents practicality (व्यवहारिकता).
    1. Practical Ideals: Gandhiji was a "Practical Idealist"(व्यावहारिक आदर्शवादी). He adapted to the situation but never compromised on his core values (मूल्य - Mulya). People who are only practical just think about their own profit.
    1. Message: Blind practicality leads to selfishness (स्वार्थ).

Part B: Zen Ki Den (झेन की देन)

The Story: The author goes to Japan and learns about the "Tea Ceremony" and meditation. The lesson is: Don't worry about the past or future, live in the Present*.

लेखक कहते हैं कि हमें भूत और भविष्य को भूलकर वर्तमान में जीना चाहिए। (The author says we should forget the past and future and live in the present.)

    1. Identification Keywords:
    1. जापान (Japan) = Japan
    1. टी-सेरेमनी (Tea Ceremony) = Tea Ceremony
    1. शांति (Shanti) = Peace/Silence
    1. वर्तमान (Vartaman) = Present (Time)
    1. दिमाग (Dimag) = Mind/Brain
    1. Setting: The author visits Japan. He asks why people there are sick. The friend says it's because of mental stress (मानसिक तनाव - Mansik Tanav). Their brains run too fast (fast-paced life - तेज़ जीवन-शैली).
    1. Tea Ceremony: They go for a "Tea Ceremony" (T-Ceremony). The place is very quiet (शांत - Shant). Only three people are allowed. A silent ritual (मौन साधना) with peace and discipline (शांति और अनुशासन).
    1. The Experience: Drinking tea in silence makes the author feel like time has stopped. He realizes that we usually worry about the past or future. The author feels complete stillness (निश्चलता).
    1. Lesson: The real truth is the Present Moment (वर्तमान काल - Vartaman Kaal). We should live in it (वर्तमान में जीना).

7. Kartoos (कारतूस)

Short overview

A short play about the bravery of Wazir Ali. He tricks a British Colonel into giving him bullets and boldly reveals his identity before leaving.

वज़ीर अली एक बहुत निडर और बहादुर सिपाही था। उसने अंग्रेजों को परेशान कर दिया था। (Wazir Ali was a very fearless and brave soldier. He had troubled the British.)

Identification Keywords:

    1. वज़ीर अली (Wazir Ali) = The Hero
    1. कर्नल / लेफ़्टिनेंट (Colonel / Lieutenant) = British Officers
    1. सिपाही (Sipahi) = Soldier
    1. बहादुर (Bahadur) = Brave

Summary

    1. The Plot: It is a play. A British Colonel (कर्नल) and Lieutenant are camping in the forest of Gorakhpur to catch a rebel named Wazir Ali (वज़ीर अली).
    1. Wazir Ali: He was the Nawab of Avadh but the British removed him unjustly (अन्यायपूर्ण ढंग से). He is very brave (जाँबाज - Jaanbaaz) and hates the British.
    1. The Incident: A horseman (घुड़सवार - Ghudsawar) comes to the British tent. He enters boldly and asks the Colonel for bullets (कारतूस - Kartoos).
    1. The Twist: The Colonel gives him 10 bullets, thinking he will help catch Wazir Ali. Before leaving, the horseman reveals his name: "Wazir Ali."
    1. The End: The Colonel is left shocked/stunned (हक्का-बक्का - Hakka-Bakka) at his bravery. He couldn't arrest him because he was so impressed and also because he was armed, confident (आत्मविश्वास) and fearless.

Practice Questions

  1. Write a character sketch of Bade Bhai Sahab.
  1. Describe the role of women in Diary Ka Ek Panna.
  1. What social reform did Tatara-Vamiro bring?
  1. Why did Teesri Kasam fail commercially?
  1. What is the message of Zen Ki Den?
  1. Describe the bravery of Wazir Ali.

Conclusion

The Sparsh prose chapters in Class 10 Hindi B teach:

    1. Discipline and humility (Bade Bhai Sahab)
    1. Patriotism (Diary Ka Ek Panna)
    1. Social reform (Tatara Vamiro)
    1. Artistic dedication (Teesri Kasam)
    1. Environmental awareness (Ab Kahan...)
    1. Practical idealism (Patjhar Mein Tooti Pattiyan)
    1. Courage (Kartoos)

In the exam, one passage(for 5 marks) and 4 short answer questions(2 marks each) out of which 3 are to be answered. Focus on character, theme and key incidents.

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