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Class 10 CBSE - Hindi B - Sparsh poems

Class 10 CBSE Hindi B – All Sparsh Poems | English Summary, Themes, Keywords & Exam Tips

The Sparsh Poems (Kavita) section in Class 10 CBSE Hindi B can be challenging, especially for students unfamiliar with Braj or Avadhi language forms. However, scoring high in poetry is possible with the right strategy.

The Strategy: Do not try to translate the poem line-by-line. Instead, use "Keyword Matching". Look for specific words in the question/stanza to identify which poem it is and answer accoringly.

This guide provides:

    1. Simple English summaries
    1. Important Hindi keywords for identification
    1. Themes & poetic devices
    1. Board exam preparation tips

Perfect for quick revision before CBSE Board Exam 2026.

Sparsh Poems – Chapter Wise Summary

1. Saakhi - Kabir (साखी - कबीर)

Theme

Moral values, speaking sweetly, God is within us.

कबीर कहते हैं कि हमें मीठी वाणी बोलनी चाहिए और घमंड नहीं करना चाहिए। ईश्वर हमारे अंदर हैं। (Kabir says we should speak sweet words and not have ego. God is inside us.)

Keywords to Spot

    1. वाणी (Vani) = Speech / Voice
    1. आप / अहं (Aapa / Aham) = Ego / Pride
    1. कस्तूरी (Kasturi) = Musk deer (Looking for God outside when He is inside)
    1. निंदक (Nindak) = Critic (Keep critics close to improve yourself)
    1. पोथी (Books)

Summary

    1. Sweet Speech: Kabir says that one should give up ego (अहंकार) and speak sweet words (मीठी वाणी). Sweet speech brings peace (शीतलता) to the speaker and happiness (सुख) to the listener.
Added keywords: कटु वाणी (harsh speech), आत्मशुद्धि (self-purification)
    1. God is Inside: Like the musk deer (कस्तूरी मृग) that searches for fragrance in forests (वन) while it lies in its own navel (नाभि), humans search for God outside, whereas He resides in every heart (घट-घट).
Added keyword: आत्मचिंतन (introspection)
    1. Ego vs God: When ego (“मैं”) exists, God does not. When ego disappears, God appears. Ignorance (अज्ञान) is darkness, and knowledge (ज्ञान) is the lamp (दीपक).
Added keyword: आत्मज्ञान (self-realisation)
    1. Happy vs Sad World: The worldly people eat and sleep, so they are happy (सुखिया). Kabir stays awake in devotion (भक्ति) and cries in separation (विरह), so he is दुखिया.
Added keyword: वैराग्य (detachment)
    1. Separation: The snake of separation from God (बिरह) bites so deeply that no mantra or medicine works. A devotee either dies or goes mad (बौरा).
Added keyword: भक्त की तड़प (devotee’s anguish)
    1. The Critic: One should keep a critic (निंदक) in one’s courtyard (आँगन). He cleans our nature (स्वभाव) without soap and water.
Added keyword: आत्मसुधार (self-improvement)
    1. True Scholar: Reading many books (पोथी) doesn’t make one a scholar (पंडित). One who understands love (प्रेम/पीव) becomes truly wise.
Added keyword: प्रेममार्ग (path of love)
    1. Sacrifice: Kabir burns his own house (ego, desires). Now he invites others ready to sacrifice to walk this difficult path.
Added keyword: त्याग (renunciation)

2. Pad - Meera (पद - मीरा)

Theme

Prayer to Lord Krishna to save her or make her a servant.

मीरा श्री कृष्ण की भक्त हैं। वह कहती हैं कि प्रभु उनके सभी दुख दूर करें। (Meera is a devotee of Sri Krishna. She asks the Lord to remove all her sorrows.)

Keywords to Spot:

    1. हरि (Hari) / गोविंदा (Govinda) = Lord Krishna
    1. द्रौपदी (Draupadi) / प्रहलाद (Prahlad) = Examples of people God saved
    1. चाकर (Chakar) / नौकर (Naukar) = Servant (She wants to be his servant)
    1. बाग़ / वृंदावन (Baag / Vrindavan) = Garden

Summary

    1. Prayer for Protection: Meera prays to Lord Krishna (हरि - Hari) to remove her pain (पीर - Peer). She gives examples: He saved Draupadi's (द्रौपदी) dignity (चीरहरण) by extending her clothes (चीर - Cheer), he saved Prahlad (प्रहलाद) from Hiranyakashipu by becoming Narsingh, and he saved the drowning elephant (गजराज - Gajraj)
    1. Servant: Meera begs Krishna to keep her as a servant (चाकर/नौकर - Chakar/Naukar). As a servant, she will plant gardens (बाग) for him and see him every morning. She wants to serve him to get his "Darshan" (दर्शन) as wages (जेब-खर्च).
    1. Krishna's Beauty: She describes Krishna: He wears a peacock crown (मोर मुकुट - Mor Mukut), yellow robes (Pitambar - पीताम्बर), and a garland. He plays the flute (मुरली - Murli) and grazes cows. She wants to meet him on the banks of the Yamuna (जमुना - Jamuna) river at midnight.

3. Manushyata (मनुष्यता) - Maithili Sharan Gupt

Theme

Humanity. Real humans are those who help others.

सच्चा मनुष्य वही है जो दूसरों की भलाई के लिए जीता और मरता है। (A true human is one who lives and dies for the good of others.)

Keywords to Spot

    1. मनुष्य / मानव (Manushya / Manav) = Human
    1. पशु (Pashu) = Animal (Selfish people are like animals)
    1. उदार (Udar) = Generous
    1. मर्त्य (Martya) = Mortal (We will all die)

Summary

    1. Mortality: Humans are mortal (मरणशील / मर्त्य). We should not fear death. A meaningful death (सार्थक मृत्यु) is one where people remember you for your good deeds.
(Keywords: यश (good reputation), Pride = घमंड (Ghamand))
    1. Generosity: Goddess Saraswati praises generous (उदारता) people. The earth is grateful to them. Examples of generosity:
    1. Rantidev (रंतिदेव): Gave his plate of food to a hungry man even though he was starving. (क्षुधा)
    1. Dadhichi (दधीचि): Gave his bones to make a weapon for gods. (अस्थि-दान)
    1. Karna (कर्ण): Gave his armor (skin) for charity. (कवच-कुंडल)

(Keywords: दानवीरता (great charity))

    1. Sympathy: Compassion (सहानुभूति) is the greatest wealth (महाविभूति). Even Lord Buddha went against traditions for kindness towards the sorrowful.
(Keywords: करुणा (compassion))
    1. No Orphans: Don't be proud of wealth वित्त (Vitta). No one is an orphan (अनाथ - Anath) here because God (त्रिलोकीनाथ ) is with everyone.

(Keywords: ईश्वर पर विश्वास)

    1. Unity: We should help each other rise (सहयोग). The gods are standing in the sky to welcome us. A true human lives for others.(परोपकार).
(Keywords: Sky = अंतरिक्ष (Antariksh), Cooperation = सहयोग (Sahyog)) वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम्

4. Parvat Pradesh Mein Pavas (पर्वत प्रदेश में पावस) — सुमित्रानंदन पंत(Sumitranandan Pant)

Theme

Nature beauty. Mountains, rain, and ponds.

कवि ने पहाड़ों और बारिश की सुंदरता का बहुत अच्छा वर्णन किया है। तालाब दर्पण जैसा लग रहा है। (The poet has described the beauty of mountains and rain very well. The pond looks like a mirror.)

Keywords to Spot

    1. पर्वत / पहाड़ (Parvat / Pahad) = Mountain
    1. वर्षा (Varsha) = Rain
    1. दर्पण / आईना (Darpan) = Mirror (The pond looks like a mirror)
    1. फूल / सुमन (Phool / Suman) = Flowers (Eyes of the mountain)

Summary

    1. Nature's Beauty: It is the rainy season (पावस ऋतु - Pavas Ritu) in the mountains. The mountain looks vast and changes its appearance every moment. Flowers look like eyes (दृग-सुमन), and nature becomes a mirror (दर्पण).
(Keywords: मानवीकरण (personification))
    1. Waterfalls: The waterfalls (झरने) sound like they are singing the mountain's glory. They look like strings of pearls (मोती). The trees (शाल के वृक्ष - Saal ke vriksh) on the mountain look worried and are staring at the sky.
(Keywords: रूपक (metaphor))
    1. The Mist/Fog: Suddenly, due to heavy mist (कोहरा), the mountain disappears. It looks like the mountain has flown away. The pond looks like smoke (धुआँ) is rising from a fire. It feels like Indra (God of Rain) is playing magic (जादू).
(Keywords: रहस्यात्मक सौंदर्य)

5. Toap (तोप) - Kedarnath Singh

Theme

An old cannon from 1857. It was powerful, now it is useless (kids play on it).

यह तोप 1857 की है। यह बताती है कि कोई भी ताकतवर चीज़ हमेशा ताकतवर नहीं रहती। (This cannon is from 1857. It tells us that no powerful thing remains powerful forever.)

Keywords to Spot

    1. तोप (Toap) = Cannon
    1. 1857 = The year mentioned
    1. कंपनी बाग़ (Company Bagh) = The park where it is kept
    1. चिड़िया (Chidiya) = Birds (sitting on the cannon)

Summary

Heritage (विरासत )* : The cannon is kept at the entrance of Company Bagh. It is from the year 1857. It tells the story of how powerful it once was.(अंग्रेजी शासन).

    1. Current State: Now, it is used by little children to play (खेल) . When free, birds (sparrows - गौरैया ) sit on it and even go inside it.
    1. The Lesson: This shows that no matter how powerful (जबरदस्त) a tyrant/weapon is, one day its mouth is shut (मुँह बंद - it becomes silent/useless).
(Keywords: समय की शक्ति (power of time))

6. Kar Chale Hum Fida (कर चले हम फ़िदा) - Kaifi Azmi

Theme

Soldiers dying in war asking countrymen to protect the nation.

सैनिक देश की रक्षा के लिए अपनी जान दे रहे हैं। हमें देश की रक्षा करनी चाहिए। (Soldiers are giving their lives to protect the country. We must protect the country.)

Keywords to Spot

    1. सैनिक (Sainik) = Soldier
    1. हिमालय (Himalaya) = The mountain border
    1. सर / शीश (Sir / Sheesh) = Head (Sacrifice)
    1. दुल्हन (Dulhan) = Bride (The earth is like a bride)
    1. खून (Khoon) = Blood

Summary

    1. Sacrifice: The soldier speaks: "We are giving our lives for the country. Now the country is in your hands (तुम्हारे हवाले )" Their breath (साँस ) was stopping, pulse (नब्ज़ ) freezing, but they kept moving forward.

Youth (जवानी )* & Love: There are many chances to live and love, but the chance to die for the country comes rarely. The earth is like a red bride (लाल दुल्हन) (covered in the blood of soldiers).

    1. The Path: The path of sacrifice (क़ुर्बानी ) should never be empty (वीरान ). If one group dies, another should take its place.
    1. Protect the Border: The soldier says, "Draw a blood (खून ) line (लकीर) on the earth so no Ravan (enemy) can cross it." You are the Ram and Lakshman of this nation.
Added keyword: राष्ट्रभक्ति (patriotism)

7. Aatmatraan (आत्मत्राण) - Rabindranath Tagore

Theme

A unique prayer. "God, don't remove my pain, give me strength to bear it."

कवि ईश्वर से प्रार्थना करते हैं कि उन्हें मुसीबत से लड़ने की शक्ति मिले। (The poet prays to God that he gets the strength to fight troubles.)

Keywords to Spot

    1. प्रार्थना (Prarthana) = Prayer
    1. विपदा / दुख (Vipada / Dukh) = Trouble / Sadness
    1. भय (Bhay) = Fear
    1. सहायक / सहायता (Sahayak / Sahayata) = Helper / Help

Summary

    1. Prayer for Strength: The poet does NOT ask God to save him from troubles (विपदा ). He asks for the courage/fearlessness (निर्भयता) to face them.
(Keywords: Fear = भय (Bhay), Strength = शक्ति (Shakti))
    1. No Consolation: He doesn't want God to take away his burden or console him. He just wants the strength to carry the burden himself.
(Keywords: Console = सांत्वना (Santvana), Burden = भार (Bhaar), Win = जय (Jay))
    1. Faith: Whether he finds help or is betrayed (वंचना - Vanchana), he shouldn't give up. In happiness, he wants to remember God, but in sorrow, he prays that he never doubts (संदेह - Sandeh) God's power.
(Keywords: Helper = सहायक (Sahayak), आत्मबल (inner strength))

Conclusion

The Sparsh Poems in Class 10 Hindi B focus on:

    1. Spiritual wisdom (Saakhi)
    1. Devotion (Pad)
    1. Humanity (Manushyata)
    1. Nature beauty (Parvat Pradesh Mein Pavas)
    1. Power of time (Toap)
    1. Patriotism (Kar Chale Hum Fida)
    1. Inner strength (Aatmatraan)

In the exam, one passage(for 5 marks) and 4 short answer questions(2 marks each) out of which 3 are to be answered. Focus on theme, key symbols, poetic devices, and important keywords for identification.

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